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Transformation factors for X-ray fluxes
In the following tables are given the transformation factors of the fluxes from a specific X-ray energy band to the 0.5-7 band, assuming Gamma 1.7 with Nh 6e20 and 0.
Table 1 >>>
Gamma Nh MinE MaxE ModeledFx Fx_in_0.5-7_band 1.7 6.0E20 2.0 25.0 7.4353E-9 1.524470492137473 1.7 6.0E20 0.1 2.0 2.177E-9 0.44635349756468984 1.7 6.0E20 3.0 10.0 3.234E-9 0.6630717726446831 1.7 6.0E20 2.0 30.0 8.2332E-9 1.6880650974147609 1.7 6.0E20 2.0 10.0 4.0686E-9 0.8341910736421079 1.7 6.0E20 0.3 10.0 6.2155E-9 1.2743731397684144 1.7 6.0E20 0.7 10.0 5.6647E-9 1.1614417444752492 1.7 6.0E20 0.2 10.0 6.245E-9 1.2804215595974016 1.7 6.0E20 0.2 12.0 6.836E-9 1.401595187981426 1.7 6.0E20 0.5 7.0 4.8773E-9 0.9999999789407894 1.7 6.0E20 0.1 10.0 6.2456E-9 1.2805445712067978 1.7 6.0E20 0.2 0.5 2.8144E-10 0.05770405966125076 1.7 6.0E20 0.5 1.0 7.3497E-10 0.1506919758411837 1.7 6.0E20 1.0 2.5 1.6072E-9 0.32952659047456384 1.7 6.0E20 0.5 2.0 1.895E-9 0.3885346266886183 1.7 6.0E20 1.0 2.0 1.16E-9 0.23783650481957802 1.7 6.0E20 2.0 4.5 1.7909E-9 0.36719086048976335 1.7 6.0E20 4.5 12.0 2.8688E-9 0.5881943055328245 1.7 6.0E20 2.5 7.0 2.5352E-9 0.5197957988828394 1.7 6.0E20 0.5 10.0 5.9636E-9 1.222725654804594 1.7 6.0E20 2.5 10.0 3.6215E-9 0.742521474746644
Table 2 >>>
Gamma Nh MinE MaxE ModeledFx Fx_in_0.5-7_band 1.7 0.0 2.0 25.0 7.4574E-9 1.4222179900505934 1.7 0.0 0.1 2.0 3.9046E-9 0.7446553253977446 1.7 0.0 3.0 10.0 3.2422E-9 0.618327465238828 1.7 0.0 2.0 30.0 8.2554E-9 1.5744063925281622 1.7 0.0 2.0 10.0 4.0902E-9 0.7800515263759988 1.7 0.0 0.3 10.0 6.9496E-9 1.3253742741638779 1.7 0.0 0.7 10.0 5.8724E-9 1.119938952929684 1.7 0.0 0.2 10.0 7.3779E-9 1.407056368582311 1.7 0.0 0.2 12.0 7.9692E-9 1.519824622996969 1.7 0.0 0.5 7.0 5.2435E-9 0.999999972639108 1.7 0.0 0.1 10.0 7.9948E-9 1.5247068517737434 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.0472E-9 0.1997139302730967 1.7 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0005E-9 0.19080766971838653 1.7 0.0 1.0 2.5 1.696E-9 0.32344807992770214 1.7 0.0 0.5 2.0 2.2406E-9 0.42730998909437085 1.7 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.2401 2.3650234120924503E8 1.7 0.0 2.0 4.5 1.8094E-9 0.34507484756230744 1.7 0.0 4.5 12.0 2.872E-9 0.547725750200595 1.7 0.0 2.5 7.0 2.547E-9 0.4857442441663391 1.7 0.0 0.5 10.0 6.3307E-9 1.2073424171358944 1.7 0.0 2.5 10.0 3.6342E-9 0.6930866886631255
[Tables calculated through XSPECv12 by Vallia Antoniou]
Useful astronomical numbers
Just some useful numbers and units to remember and to have an easy access to!
[last updated: 29 Dec 2011]
>> Distance
1 AU = 150 x 106 km
1 pc = 3.09 × 1013 km = 206260 AU = 3.26 ly
1 ly = 9.4 x 1012 km = 64 x 103 = 0.31 pc
>> Sun
L☉ = 3.86 x 1026 W = 3.86 x 1033 erg / s
MV,☉ = Mbol,☉ = 4.8
M☉ = 2 x 1030 kg
R☉ = 6.96 x 105 km
V☉,relative = 30 km/s
T☉ = 5780 K
RSun-GC = 8 kpc
tgalactic orbit = 250 x 106 yr
Vgalactic rotation = 200 km/s
solar wind’s energy ~ 10-7 L☉ (on average)
solar wind’s density (in the vicinity of Earth) ~ 5 particles / cm3
solar wind’s velocity (in the vicinity of Earth) ~ 400 km / s
mass loss ~ 10-14 M☉ / yr
>> Earth
MEarth = 5.974 x 1024 kg
REarth = 6371 km
ρEarth = 5.5 g/cm3
>> Milky Way / Galaxy
bulgeradius ~ 5 kpc
diskradius ~ 15 kpc
haloradius > 75 kpc (perhaps 100 kpc)
dust ± 300 pc from disk level
stars ± 1000 pc from disk level
MMW = -20.5 ( 25 mag more than MSun, 1010 times that of Sun)
>> Ionization potential
for H = 13.6 eV
for He = 24.6 eV (one electron) + 54.4 eV (both electrons)
>> Hydrogen atom
R = 1 Å
>> Extinction
Sun’s neighbourhood: ~ 1 mag/kpc
towards GC: ~ 21 mag/kpc – 1 optical photon per 1012 reaches us, while 1 out of 10 in IR
>> magnitude difference: 5 mags = 100 times in flux [m1-m2=-2.5 log10(f1/f2)]
